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    "title": "Evaluating a brief MBCT programme for non-suicidal self-injury in individuals with BPD: a within-subject pre–post pilot study",
    "authors": [
        "Szilvia Kresznerits",
        "Ágnes Zinner-Gérecz",
        "Mónika Miklósi",
        "Tamás Szekeres",
        "Dóra Perczel-Forintos"
    ],
    "container": "Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation",
    "year": "2026",
    "doi_url": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40479-026-00337-3",
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    "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a robust predictor of future suicide attempts and death. Access to comprehensive treatments such as dialectical behaviour therapy remains limited. METHODS: This exploratory study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a brief, group-based mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program tailored to reduce NSSI (MBCT-NSSI) and improve associated psychological processes. Using a nonrandomised within-subject pre–post design with a waiting-period comparison, assessments were conducted at baseline (T1; n = 120), pre-intervention (T2; n = 72), and post-intervention (T3; n = 50). Outpatients with BPD and recent NSSI participated in a 9-week MBCT-NSSI group programme; key exclusions were acute suicide risk, psychosis, mania, and severe substance use. Primary outcomes were NSSI frequency and mindfulness. Secondary outcomes included self-compassion, self-esteem, impulsivity, depression, dissociation, and emotion regulation. Within-subject changes were analysed via linear mixed modelling and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of dropout among eligible participants. No blinding or randomisation procedures were applied. RESULTS: Among completers (N = 50), primary outcomes showed a significant reduction in NSSI frequency and an increase in mindfulness. Improvements were also observed across several secondary outcomes, including depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and emotion regulation. For mindfulness and secondary self-report outcomes, changes were observed between T2 and T3 but not during the waiting-list period. For NSSI, which was evaluated only at T1 and T3, findings should be interpreted as preliminary signal detection. Dissociative symptoms showed a non-significant trend toward improvement. Dropout among eligible patients was associated with higher impulsivity, maladaptive regulation, and, unexpectedly, higher self-compassion, whereas fewer comorbid diagnoses predicted lower treatment retention. CONCLUSIONS: MBCT-NSSI may be a feasible and potentially beneficial adjunctive intervention for individuals with BPD who engage in NSSI, with improvements in emotion regulation and preliminary signals of reduced self-harm frequency. These findings support further investigation through controlled trials and longer follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable. The study had a within-subject pre–post design without a control condition, and therefore does not meet the ICMJE definition of a clinical trial. De-identified data are openly available via the Open Science Framework (OSF): https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/ZUR84 .",
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