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    "doi": "10.1177\/0145445511420281",
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    "title": "Acceptance-Versus Change-Based Pain Management",
    "authors": [
        "Kara J. Blacker",
        "James D. Herbert",
        "Evan M. Forman",
        "John Kounios"
    ],
    "container": "Behavior Modification",
    "year": "2012",
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    "abstract": "This study compared two theoretically opposed strategies for acute pain management: an acceptance-based and a change-based approach. These two strategies were compared in a within-subjects design using the cold pressor test as an acute pain induction method. Participants completed a baseline pain tolerance assessment followed by one of the two interventions and another pain tolerance test. The alternate strategy was presented in a separate, but otherwise identical, experimental session. On average, both interventions significantly increased pain tolerance relative to baseline, with no significant difference between the two intervention conditions. Baseline psychological acceptance emerged as a significant moderator of intervention efficacy; individuals with a high level of acceptance benefited significantly more from the acceptance intervention, whereas those with a low level of acceptance benefited more from the change-based intervention. Implications for increasing the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatments based on individual differences are discussed.",
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