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    "doi": "10.1080\/20008066.2024.2445368",
    "status": "found",
    "title": "ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder and complex PTSD: prevalence, predictors, and construct validity in Swiss older adults",
    "authors": [
        "Myriam V. Thoma",
        "Enya Redican",
        "Nathanael Adank",
        "Valerie B. Schneemann",
        "Mark Shevlin",
        "Andreas Maercker",
        "Shauna L. Rohner"
    ],
    "container": "European Journal of Psychotraumatology",
    "year": "2025",
    "doi_url": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008066.2024.2445368",
    "is_open_access": true,
    "oa_status": "gold",
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    "abstract": "Background: This study assessed the prevalence rates, construct validity, predictors, and psychosocial factors linked to ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), as assessed by the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in a German-speaking sample of Swiss older adults.Method: Participants were N = 1526 older adults aged 65+ (Mage = 72.34; SD = 6.20 years; age range = 65–95; female = 72.0%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested alternative models of the latent structure of the ITQ. Risk factors and psychological outcomes associated with the ITQ subscales were also examined.Results: From the total sample, 86.2% had experienced at least one potentially traumatic event (PTE), with a median of three PTEs per person. Probable PTSD and CPTSD prevalence was 0.4% and 2.4%, respectively. CFA results indicated that a two-factor second-order model best captured the latent structure of the ITQ. Female gender and specific traumas, such as physical and sexual assault, were uniquely associated with PTSD. Fewer, non-specific factors were linked to disturbances in self-organization (DSO; encompassing affective dysregulation, a negative self-view, and difficulties in relationships). The PTSD and CPTSD factors were significantly associated with loneliness, anxiety, depression, and well-being.Conclusions: Results found that despite high trauma exposure among Swiss older adults, the prevalence of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD was low, with no significant gender differences. A two-factor second-order model provided the best fit for the ITQ. These findings indicate significant trauma exposure in Swiss older adults and the need for targeted interventions that address the trauma-specific and associated psychosocial challenges (i.e. loneliness, anxiety, depression, well-being) facing older adults.",
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